玉溪市森林资源动态变化分析评价及发展方向

利用云南省玉溪市2008年和2016年森林资源二类调查资料,对玉溪市森林资源消长情况进行分析。结果为森林覆盖率、林木绿化率、活立木蓄积量、林分面积等均有所增加,活立木年生长量大于消耗量。今后玉溪市森林资源保护与利用应发展并管理好热区现有的柑桔、芒果等经济林,提高经济林栽培管理水平,以天保工程二期森林管护、公益林管护为基础,继续实施新一轮退耕还林等林业生态建设工程。     

农用柔性底盘前轮转向动力学研究

农用柔性底盘通过偏置转向轴转向,4个独立的电动轮既要用于行进,又要驱动转向,控制难度大.为探明柔性底盘前轮转向过程的转向特性,建立了7自由度整车动力学模型,并通过Matlab/Simulink软件建立相应的交互控制仿真模型,进行了不同车速下单轮驱动转向与双轮比例控制转向的仿真与分析,根据仿真结果制定了控制策略;在此基础...     

风波流对多平台阵列浮式风机Spar平台运动特性的影响

平台结构的稳定性是浮式风力机安全运行的最基础保障。为探究浮式风力机平台阵列的动态响应特性,该文提出一种3×3方阵排布的共用系泊系统多平台阵列方案,建立基于OC3-Hywind Spar Buoy平台的NREL 5 MW浮式风力机整机模型,通过辐射/绕射理论并结合有限元方法,分别研究并对比了单个平台和3×3方阵排布的多平台的动态响应特性。结果表明:浮式风力机Spar平台在纵荡、垂荡和纵摇方向响应均集中于低频波浪(波浪频率低于0.5 rad/s时);3×3方阵排布位于四顶点处的平台存在一定的横荡响应,响应范围约为?0.2~0.2 m,其余平台横荡响应可忽略不计;随着环境载荷的加剧,单平台纵荡响应急剧增大,响应范围由?0.25~0.25 m增大到?1.5~1.5 m,多平台时纵荡响应变化不明显,均保持在?1.5~1.5 m,同时,多平台纵摇响应明显低于单平台,验证了该文所提方案的有效,从而为未来海上风电场的建设提供了理论参考。     

不同水分条件下土壤N2O排放的动力学方程模拟

[目的]水分对土壤N₂O排放有重要影响。运用混合动力学方程模拟不同水分条件下土壤N₂O累积排放的过程,分析土壤水分对N₂O产生途径的影响及其变化规律,为通过改善土壤管理降低N₂O气体排放提供理论和实践指导。[方法]通过室内培养试验,研究了不同水分条件[40%WHC,60%WHC,80%WHC,100%WHC和淹水处理,WHC(田间持水量)]下土壤N₂O排放特征、硝铵态氮含量和氧气消耗动态变化。[结果](1)N₂O排放速率24 h时达到最大,淹水处理[3.46μg/(kg·h)]是其他处理的54.5～178.9倍。(2)土壤N₂O累积排放量均随着培养时间的延长而增加,淹水处理的快速上升阶段为前48 h,而其他处理为前96 h。培养结束时的土壤N₂O累积排放量,淹水处理(44.6μg/kg)分别是40%WHC,60%WHC,80%WHC和100%WHC的67.1,29.2,20.8,10.4倍。(3)除淹水条件下,伪...     

苹果树体磷素动态规律与施肥管理

以"富士"苹果树为试材,对果树体生物量和各器官及其皮层、木质部的磷含量和累积动态进行了研究,以期探讨果树磷素吸收、转运和分配规律.结果表明,3月26日至9月21日,树体生物量呈直线增加,果实采收后,生长缓慢,7月30日后,根系快速生长,植株、地上部及根系中磷累积迅速增加;枝、干和根系皮层内磷含量与累积7月30日最低,休眠期最高,皮层磷含量枝＞干＞根系;而木质部磷含量与累积4月30日达最低,木质部磷含量根系＞枝＞干;一年内,果树吸磷总量为28.72 kg/hm2,果实和叶片共带走磷素7.94 kg/hm2,7月30日至9月21日,吸收磷素18.32 kg/hm2,占吸收总量的63.8%,9月21日至1月15日,吸收磷素10.40 kg/hm2,占36.2%;苹果树(苹果产量48 t/hm2)年推荐施纯磷47.86 kg/hm2,果实收获后秋季基施磷17.33 kg/hm2,果实膨大期前追施磷30.53 kg/hm2.     

面向灌区调水工程的远程自动计量闸门研究

设计了一种基于远程无线通信技术的灌区动态调水系统,由安装于各级渠道上的自动计量闸门集群和运行于调度中心的远程调水控制系统组成。利用明渠测流理论和传感测量技术,实现了闸门的计量功能;对称双轮双向卷拉驱动机构和中空蜂窝闸板结构设计,提高了闸门启闭运动的可靠性和闸门运行能效;开发了基于ARM的闸门终端控制器,实现了闸门终端的智能控制和无线远程通讯,多种闸门工作模式可满足不同的应用需求;设计了太阳能供电与电源管理系统,解决了闸门野外工作的供电问题;开发了远程动态调水控制的应用软件包,实现了对闸门的远程监控与联动调水。实验表明,闸门终端环境适应性强,性能稳定,动态水位误差小于5 mm,闸门定位误差小于1 mm,自由流的测流误差小于4.6%,淹没流测流误差小于8.3%,可满足各类自动调水工程应用。     

clpV is a key virulence gene during in vivo Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection

Interaction between bacterial pathogen and aquatic animal host is exceedingly complex, which involves large dynamic changes in gene expression during different stages of the disease. However, research on identifying key virulence genes based on the dynamics of gene expression changes of a one‐sided bacterial pathogen in tissue has not been reported so far across different stages of infectious disease. The clpV for the T6SS of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida was identified for a candidate for key virulence gene based on dynamic changes of gene expression. For the Epinephelus coioides infected using clpV‐RNAi strain, no deaths were observed up to 20 dpi. The spleens, kidneys and livers of all the E. coioides that received clpV‐RNAi strain failed to develop visible nodules at 5–8 dpi, with the swelling gradually disappearing. The burdens of clpV‐RNAi strain in the spleen and blood were greatly reduced at most of the time points after injection, and the burdens of clpV‐RNAi strain in the head kidneys and trunk kidneys also had a sharp reduction from 72 to 120 hpi. This paper provides a new insight into the discovery of key virulence genes of pathogens in infected tissue systems.     

大亚湾核电临近海域中国毛虾声学探测分析

于2019年1月11―14日在大亚湾核电基地临近海域尝试采用声学探测技术,同时辅以拖网调查与水下视频观测的方法,对该海域中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)的空间分布特征、定向迁移聚集规律和种群资源评估方法进行了研究分析,以期为大亚湾核电基地典型冷源致灾生物中国毛虾的监测预警与应急防控提供新的思路。调查发现,拖网渔获物中中国毛虾所占比重在99%以上,仅有数量极少的水母和鱼类。19:00―07:00的声学原位观测结果显示,不同时段中国毛虾海里面积反向散射系数(NASC)波动较大(0.56～170.30m~2/nmile~2),整体呈先增后减的变化趋势,最高值出现在22:30―22:40时段。垂直空间分布上,中国毛虾主要集群分布于水深5.2～7.2m的中下层水域,在22:50―00:10期间有明显向底层迁移的趋势。水平空间分布上,中国毛虾生物量密度由湾内至湾口断面逐渐增大。结合不同时段中国毛虾资源动态规律与水下视频观测结果,调查海域中国毛虾很可能在19:00―23:00期间向湾内迁移,23:00之后向湾口迁移。综上分析可知,声学评估方法较传统的渔业调查手段具有生态、高效、时空分辨率高、能提供实时监测数据等诸多优点,更能满足大亚湾核电站冷源生物安全预警与应急防控的现实需求。     

Multi‐decadal climate and fishing predictors of abundance for U.S. South Atlantic coastal fishes and invertebrates

Abundance of marine stocks fluctuates in response to both internal processes (e.g., density dependence) and exogenous drivers, including the physical environment, fishing, and trophodynamic interactions. In the United States, research investigating ecosystem drivers has been focused in data‐rich systems, primarily in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. To develop a more holistic understanding of important ecosystem drivers in the Southeast U.S. continental shelf Large Marine Ecosystem, we applied generalized linear and dynamic linear modeling to investigate the effects of climate and fishing covariates on the relative abundance trends of 71 demersal fish and invertebrate species sampled by a coastal trawl survey during 1990–2013. For the assemblage as a whole, fishing effects predominated over climate effects. In particular, changes in trawling effort within the penaeid shrimp fishery governed abundance trends of bony fishes, invertebrates, and elasmobranchs, a likely result of temporal changes in bycatch mortality. Changes in trawling intensity induced changes in overall community composition and appear to have altered trophic interactions among particular species. Among climate indices investigated, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Western Bermuda High Index were most prevalent in well‐supported dynamic linear models. Observed annual abundance trends were synchronous among some taxonomically related species, highlighting similar responses to exogenous influences based on life history. This study strengthens the foundation for generating hypotheses and advancing ecosystem‐based fisheries research within the region.     

蓄水位对山美土石坝地震动力响应的影响分析

地震作用下土石坝的动力响应及其破坏模式一直是岩土工程界研究热点.采用FLAC有限差分软件分析山美土石坝在地震作用下产生的震后残余变形、加速度响应以及剪应变等情况,得到山美土石坝的普遍性动力响应规律.通过改变上游蓄水位高度,描述地震过程中坝内塑性剪应变区演变模式以及不同水位下震后坝内残余应变形态,发现山美土石坝率先发生剪...